一、長難句訓練題

1、Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice—that of producing programs in Europe for Europe.

2、The issue of whether life ever existed on the planet, and whether it persists to this day, has been highlighted by mounting evidence that the Red Planet once had abundant stable, liquid water and by the continuing controversy over suggestions that bacterial fossils rode to Earth on a meteorite from Mars.

3、It has also been proposed that just because we know so much about people intuitively, there has been less incentive for studying them scientifically: Why should one develop a theory, carry out systematic observations, or make predictions about the obvious?

4、You have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction and deduction, that by the help of these operations, they, in a sort of sense, manage to extract from Nature certain natural laws, and that out of these, by some special skill of their own, they build up their theories.

5、Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.

二、長難句訓練題解析

1、

解析：

句子的主干是Creating a “European identity” is no easy task and demands a strategic choice。第一個that是定語從句的關系代詞，引導定語從句來修飾European identity;而第二個that即that of producing …，這個that 就是一個指示代詞，指前文出現過的名詞choice。which引導定語從句修飾different cultures and traditions。

參考譯文：

不同的文化和傳統把歐洲大陸編制成一體，要創造出一種尊重這些不同文化和傳統的“歐洲品牌”絕非易事，需要人們做出戰略性的選擇，即選擇在歐洲為歐洲做節目。

2、

解析：

主句為：The issue of whether life ever existed on the planet, and whether it persists to this day, has been highlighted by… and by…。主句主語的結構為: The issue of whether…and whether…。of 短語修飾the issue, that the Red Planet…是evidence的同位語從句，(即是evidence的具體內容)。that bacterial fossils…是suggestions的同位語從句，說明suggestions的具體內容。)

參考譯文：

越來越多的證據表明，這個紅色行星上曾經有穩定而豐富的液態水，而且人們對從火星落到地球上的細菌化石隕石的說法一直有爭論，這使火星上是否存在過生命和是否至今仍有生命的問題成為了引人注目的重點。

3、

解析：

主句為：It has also been proposed。That…for studying them scientifically是主語從句，是形式主語it的真主語。because we know so much about people intuitively是這個主語從句中嵌套的原因狀語從句。冒號后面是一個簡單句，對前面內容起解釋說明作用。)

參考譯文：

還有解釋說，正是由于我們對人的直覺了解太多，所以我們沒有科學地研究這些直覺的動力：對于顯而易見之事，人們為什么要建立一種理論、進行系統的觀察或是作一些預言呢?

4、

解析：

主句為：You have all heard it repeated, 后面三個that引導的賓語從句是it形式賓語的具體內容。這三個that從意義上可以看作一系列連續的動作。

參考譯文：

你們都多次聽說過，科學家是用歸納法和演繹法工作的，而且從某種意義上來說，他們依靠這種方法力求從自然界歸納出某些自然規律，然后根據這些規律，用自己的某種非同一般的本領，建立起他們的理論。

5、

解析：

本句的主干即是Behaviorists suggest that ...;that引導suggest的賓語從句，動詞是will experience;who引導修飾child的定語從句，動詞為is raised;where引導修飾environment的定語從句，動詞為are;which引導修飾stimuli的定語從句，動詞為develop。

參考譯文：

行為主義者的看法是，如果一個兒童在有許多刺激物的環境里成長，而這些刺激物能夠發展其做出適當反應的能力，那么，這個兒童將會有更高的智力發展。